Merril Eisenbud

⁽¹⁾Manhattan Engineer District, the Federal Agency set up to develop the atomic bomb under the ultrasecret Manhattan Project

⁽²⁾a high-level security clearance issued by AEC (and later DOE), comparable to a Top Secret clearance from theU.S. Department of Defense

⁽³⁾Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Cambridge, Massachusetts)

⁽⁴⁾Oak Ridge Associated Universities, the operating contractor for Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education

⁽⁵⁾The legal name is worker's compensation; workman's compensation is retained wherever it was used because itis commonly substituted, especially in speech.

⁽⁶⁾a chiefly occupational disease of the lungs caused by inhaling particles containing silicon dioxide

⁽⁷⁾For the transcript of the interview with Richmond, see DOE/EH-0477, Human Radiation Studies: Rememberingthe Early Years; Oral History of Chet Richmond (scheduled to be published later in 1995).

⁽⁸⁾one who holds the doctrine of states rights, a strict interpretation of the U.S. Constitution by which all rights notdelegated to the Federal government belong to the states

⁽⁹⁾See generally the theories of Alice Stewart and George Kneale

⁽¹⁰⁾a city in New Mexico 50 miles southeast of the first atomic bomb explosion (July 16, 1945)

⁽¹¹⁾the stimulating effect of subinhibitory concentrations of any toxic substance on any organism

⁽¹²⁾a level below which a dose is statistically insignificant

⁽¹³⁾For the transcript of the interview with Cohn, see DOE/EH-0464, Human Radiation Studies: Remembering the Early Years; Oral History of Waldo Cohn (scheduled to be published later in 1995).

⁽¹⁴⁾as opposed to radioactive

⁽¹⁵⁾within a living organism; usually, in the womb

⁽¹⁶⁾ The Lucky Dragon was the Japanese fishing vessel whose crew was contaminated by the March 1954 Bravo test.

⁽¹⁷⁾For an extended discussion of that accident, see "Fatal Worker Accident at Idaho's SL-1 Reactor (1961)" in DOE/EH-0454, Remembering the Early Years: Interview With Dr. George Voelz, M.D. (May 1995).

⁽¹⁸⁾"unity," or 100 percent

⁽¹⁹⁾done or donated without charge

⁽²⁰⁾Environmental Measurements Laboratory, HASL's current name

⁽²¹⁾the worldwide devastation, darkness, and cold that some believe would follow a nuclear war because solar energy would be blocked

⁽²²⁾the movement of substances, such as radionuclides, through the environment through various mechanisms and agencies, including water, air, and direct contact

⁽²³⁾For the transcript of the interview with Totter, see DOE/EH-0481, Human Radiation Studies: Remembering the Early Years; Oral History of Dr. John R. Totter (scheduled to be published later in 1995).

⁽²⁴⁾DOE/EH-0445, Human Radiation Experiments: The Department of Energy Roadmap to the Story and the Records (310+ pages), February 1995. Included in the Roadmap are some 58 historical photos and summaries of more than 150 experiments from the '40s, '50s, and '60s.

⁽²⁵⁾For the transcript of the interview with Gamertsfelder, see DOE/EH-0467, Human Radiation Studies: Remembering the Early Years; Oral History of Carl C. Gamertsfelder (scheduled to be published later in 1995).

⁽²⁶⁾For the transcript of the interview with Friedell, see DOE/EH-0466, Human Radiation Studies: Remembering the Early Years; Oral History of Hymer Friedell (scheduled to be published later in 1995).

⁽²⁷⁾For the transcript of the interview with Lushbaugh, see DOE/EH-0453, Human Radiation Studies: Remembering the Early Years; Oral History of Pathologist Clarence Lushbaugh, M.D. (April 1995).