Oral Histories
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DOE Openness: Human Radiation Experiments: Roadmap to the Project Oral Histories |
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Oral Histories
Pathologist Clarence Lushbaugh, M.D.
Foreword Upbringing, Family, University of Chicago Early Research and Publications in Pathology Early Days at University of Chicago and Los Alamos Establishing Safer Radiation Limits Early Animal Studies at Los Alamos Investigations of Radiological Accidents Congressional Testimony on the Use of Whole Body Counting in Medical Diagnosis Other Human Radiological Studies at Los Alamos LETBI and METBI Therapy for Lymphatic Diseases Charges That the Oak Ridge Radiation Therapy Was Not Effective Questioning the Propriety of NASA-Funded Studies Radiation Treatment Patients at Los Alamos and Oak Ridge Institutional Review Board at Oak Ridge Controversy Over the AEC's Use of Human Subjects in Radiation Research
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1chemical agents that cause burns or destruction of tissue; and, agents or substances that produce a blister or blisters, as a medicinal substance. 2 poisonous to the body's lymphatic system 3 medical specialists who deal with tumors, including the origin, development, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer 4 medical specialists who study the nature, function, and diseases of the blood and of blood-forming organs 5 Journal of the American Medical Association 6 of or affecting the lungs 7 the blocking of a blood vessel by a clump of tissue, a bubble, fat globule, or other substance that has lodged in a blood vessel 8 cause or origin of a disease 9 the branch of biology dealing with the study of tissues 10 Metallurgical Laboratory, the laboratory set up at the University of Chicago during World War II to lead the secret research and development of controlled nuclear fission under the Manhattan Project 11 Nuclear Regulatory Commission 12 the dose at which 50 percent of humans receiving or exposed to a substance will die 13 medium-energy total body irradiator 14 a unit of radiation dosage equal to the amount of ionizing radiation required to produce one electrostatic unit of charge per cubic centimeter of air 15 low-energy total body irradiator 16 lying upon, distributed over, or pertaining to the epigastrium — that is, the upper and medium parts of the abdomen, lying over the stomach 17 Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies, established in 1946 by the Manhattan Engineer District and operated under a Manhattan Project (and later Atomic Energy Commission) contract. ORINS was responsible for selecting both students and established scientists for fellowships and other temporary research assignments. 18 4 or more inches 19 Atomic Energy Commission 20 pertaining to the prostate gland 21 abnormally high fever 22 1,4 bis [2-5] phenyloxazolyl benzene, an organic chemical reagent used for radiation dose measurements in solutions 23 sites where skin has been stripped or otherwise removed 24 either of two atmospheric regions of high-energy charged particles, one at an attitude of about 2,000 miles (3,200 km) and the other at 9,000 to 12,000 miles (14,500 to 19,000 km) 25 incorporated with a radioactive isotope to make a substance traceable 26 member of one of the U.S. Navy's construction battalions 27 an enclosed compartment fitted with long gloves, used in a laboratory for handling contents without causing or incurring contamination outside the container 28 a crystal detector containing thallium impurity for detecting gamma rays 29 the time required for half of the atoms of a given amount of a radioactive substance to decay; also, the time required for the activity of a substance taken into the body to lose half its initial effectiveness 30 the time required for half of the atoms present in a compartment of the body to leave that compartment by normal biological processes such as metabolism or excretion 31 a surgical incision through the abdominal wall 32 relating to the peritoneum, a membrane lining the abdominal wall 33 a family of cells that function in the immune system's defense against foreign bodies 34 a type of skin cancer 35 the surgical cutting out of all or part of an organ or tissue 36 collarbone 37 shoulder blade 38 possessing a nucleus 39 the system of glands, tissues, and passages involved in generating lymphocytes and circulating them through the body in the medium of lymph; it includes the lymph vessels, lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen. 40 produced in the bone marrow 41 leukemias involving the granulocytes (circulating white blood cells residing in the protoplasm) 42 tumors arising from any of the cellular elements of lymph nodes 43 malignant tumors in lymphoid tissue, caused by the growth of abnormal lymphocytes (white blood cells important in producing antibodies) 44 a disease characterized by overproduction of red blood cells 45 a disease characterized by overproduction of blood platelets 46 cancer of the lymphatic system 47 imbalances of the constitutents of the blood or bone marrow 48 inflamations of the skin 49 sores on the skin or a mucous membrane, accompanied by the disintegration of tissue, the formation of pus, or other effects 50 a chemotherapy drug in cancer treatment 51 the area in the chest that lies between the lungs and contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, and other thoractic structures 52 pertaining to granulocytes (circulating white blood cells having prominent granules in the cytoplasm) 53 any of several closely related lymphocytes that circulate in the blood and lymph and regulate the immune system's response to infected or malignant cells 54 severe anemia due to destruction or depressed functioning of the bone marrow, usually resulting from bone cancer, radiation, or the toxic effects of drugs or chemicals 55 death of a circumscribed portion of animal or plant tissue 56 points at which something divides or forks into two branches 57 the two branches of the trachea (windpipe) that extend into the lungs |