Experiments List
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DOE Openness: Human Radiation Experiments: Roadmap to the Project Experiments List |
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Experiments List
Foreword Criteria for Listing Experiments Basic Categories of Human Radiation Experiments The Process of Identifying Experiments |
Radiation TermsDEFINED BELOW are some technical terms relating to radiation. Radioactivity-the tendency of unstable atoms to undergo a spontaneous,
energyreleasing change in their structure. The energy released is called
radiation. It occurs at various energy levels. At a certain point, radiation
energy is sufficient to strip electrons from the atoms in materials it strikes
and is therefore called ionizing radiation. It is particularly dangerous for
humans because these energy levels are such that they also can cause damage to
living tissues. Ionizing radiation may involve alpha particles, beta particles,
gamma rays, xrays, or neutrons. Alpha particles-a highenergy particle with a very short range. It
does not pose an external hazard because it cannot penetrate human skin. It may
be stopped by a single sheet of paper. However, if inhaled or ingested, the
particles come in direct contact with tissue cells and can cause severe damage.
Accordingly, alpha particles present a serious internal hazard. Uranium, radium,
and plutonium all emit alpha particles. Beta particles-exhibit a wide range of energy levels. Some have
sufficient energy to penetrate human skin, and will cause skin burns. These
particles can cause damage if inhaled or ingested. Beta particles can be stopped
by plastic, aluminum, and wood. Tritium is one example of a beta emitter. Gamma rays and x-rays-both are high-energy emissions that easily penetrate the
human body. They are, therefore, dangerous in high amounts as external radiation
hazards. They can be stopped by dense materials, such as lead, concrete, or
steel. Gamma rays are produced by isotopes such as lanthanum140, cesium137,
and cobalt60. X-rays are produced by medical xray tubes and the xray
machines used to examine carryon baggage at airports. Neutrons-a component of the nucleus of an atom. Neutron radiation
can be harmful to living things. Neutrons are liberated in great numbers in a
nuclear reactor, but they do not present a hazard to humans because they are
absorbed by the heavy shielding that encloses the reactor. Neutrons are also
emitted during the spontaneous decay of certain radionuclides such as
californium252. Amount of radiation is expressed in several ways. A curie is a measure of activity, or
the rate of disintegration of atoms undergoing change. This unit of measure is
often expressed as millicuries (thousandths of a curie) or microcuries
(millionths of a curie). A roentgen is a measure of the ionization of
air by x-rays or gamma rays.
Exposure-refers to being placed in a field of radiation energy.
Dose refers to energy imparted per unit mass of tissue. A rad is a
measure of the absorbed dose to tissue from exposure to radiation; that is, the
amount of energy deposited per unit mass of tissue. A
rem is a measure of dose equivalent in man. It is the dose in rads
multiplied by a weighting factor to account for the more damaging effects of
alpha particles and neutron radiation. Background radiation-refers to the natural radiation to which people are
exposed in daily life. It differs for different locations and different
circumstances. Brick and wood homes emit different levels of background
radiation. Cities at different elevations have different levels of background
cosmic radiation. For example, the average annual dose from all sources to U.S.
residents is estimated to be 200 millirems per year. However, the average dose
to residents of Los Alamos, New Mexico, a city at high elevation is 330
millirems per year. A transcontinental airplane flight will result in a dose of
about 4 millirems to a passenger. A standard chest x-ray will result in a dose
of about 10 millirems. Occupational dose-refers to the
dose that people receive in their workplace. To provide for the safety of
workers, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP-60, 1990)
has established certain standards to limit the dose received by workers.
Standards for minors are 10 percent of the dose for adults. These annual dose
limits for radiation workers are:
By comparison, the annual dose limit for the general public (not radiation workers) set by the Commission is 0.1 rem. Listing of Experiment TitlesPlutonium Injection PI-1. Plutonium Injection Studies Argonne National Laboratory ANL-1. Radium
as an Experimental Therapy for Treating Mental Disorders at Elgin State Hospital
in Elgin, Illinois
Brookhaven National Laboratory BNL-1.
Effectiveness of Iodine-131 in Diagnosing and Treating Graves' Disease and
Metastatic Carcinoma of the Thyroid
Children Using Tritium and Potassium-42 as a Tracer BNL-18.Cerebrospinal Fluid Studies Using Chlorine-38, Potassium-42, and Iodine-131 BNL-19.Study of Manganese Metabolism Using Manganese-56 as a Tracer BNL-20.Experimental Systemic Therapy of Bone Tumors Using Gallium-72 BNL-21.Investigation of Carbohydrate Formation Using Carbon-14-Labeled Acetate BNL-22.Studies on the Retention of Vitamin B12 Using Cobalt-60 and Cobalt-58 Tracers BNL-23.Use of Iodine-124 for Scanning Brain Tumors BNL-24.Studies of the Proliferation of Leukemic and Multiple Myeloma Cells Using Tritiated Thymidine BNL-25.Study of the Role of Sodium in Hypertension Using Sodium-22 BNL-26.Study of Iron Absorption and Loss by Whole-Body Counting Using Iron-59 BNL-27.Plasma Binding Capacity for Vitamin B12 Using Cobalt-57 Tracer BNL-28.A Short-Term Comparison of Calcium and Strontium Metabolism Using Calcium-47 and Strontium-85 BNL-29.Study of Tryptophan Metabolism Using Carbon-14 BNL-30.Use of Iodine-131 and Tritium Tracers in Studies of Vasopressin Metabolism BNL-31.Metabolism of Carbon-14-Labeled Acetate in Diabetics BNL-32.Study of Vitamin B12 Metabolism Using Cobalt-58 and Cobalt-60 BNL-33.Studies of Strontium Metabolism Using Calcium-47 and Strontium-85 BNL-34.Study of the Metabolism of Cesium-137 BNL-35.Study of Tryptophan Conversion to O-Aminophenol Using Carbon14 BNL-36.Total-Body Water and Hematologic Studies in the Pacific Islanders Using Chromium-51 and Tritium BNL-37.Study of Iron Metabolism in Humans with Aregenerative Anemia Using Iron-59 and Chromium-51 BNL-38.Metabolism of Zinc-65 BNL-39.Study of Fatty Acid Synthesis Using Tritium and Carbon-14-Labeled Glucose and Lactic Acid BNL-40.Study of the Metabolism of a Bladder Carcinogen Using Carbon-14 BNL-41.Study of Metabolism of Lactate and Pyruvate with Diabetes Using Carbon-14 Tracer BNL-42.A Study of Calcium Metabolism in Parathyroid Deficiency Using Tracer Calcium-47 BNL-43.The Study of Menstruation and Resulting Iron Deficiency Using Whole-Body Counting BNL-44.Characterizing Gamma Globulin Levels in Multiple Sclerosis with Iodine-131 BNL-45.Study of the Metabolism of Scandium Using Scandium-46 as Tracer BNL-46.Use of Whole-Body Counting to Evaluate the Metabolism of Proteins Labeled with Iodine-131 BNL-47.Study of Skeletal Discrimination Between Calcium and Strontium Using Calcium-47 and Strontium-85 BNL-48.Evaluation of Thyroid Function and Anatomy Using Technetium-99m Pertechnetate and Iodine-131 BNL-49.Metabolic Study of Technetium-99m-DTPA as an Improved Brain and Kidney Scanning Agent BNL-50.Study of Tryptophan Metabolism in Humans with Various Types of Anemia Using Carbon-14 BNL-51.Studies on the Effects of a High-Calcium Diet on Osteoporosis, Using Calcium-47 BNL-52.Studies on the Conversion of Pyruvate and Lactate to Glucose Using Carbon-14 BNL-53.Study of Glucose Metabolism in Patients with Gout Using Carbon-14-Labeled Glucose BNL-54.Experimental Lymph Node Imaging with Technetium-99m Sulfur Colloid BNL-55.The Comparison of Two Forms of Tryptophan in Patients with Scleroderma, Using Carbon-14 as a Tracer BNL-56.Metabolic Studies on Normal and Acromegalic Subjects Using Carbon-14-Labeled Pyruvate BNL-57.Measurement of Whole-Body Potassium Using Potassium-42 as Tracer and a Cesium-137 Gamma Source BNL-58.Studies on the Kinetics of Halothane Using Bromine-82 BNL-59.Comparison of Technetium-99m and Iodine-123 for Thyroid Imaging BNL-60.Studies on Calcium Metabolism and Chronic Renal Failure Using Calcium-47 BNL-61.Studies of Glucose Tolerance in Obese Humans Using Glucose Labeled with Carbon-14 and Tritium BNL-62.Measurement of Total-Body Calcium, Sodium, Chlorine, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus by Neutron Activation Analysis BNL-63.Effectiveness of Technetium-99m-DTPA in Measuring Glomerular Filtration Rate BNL-64.Total-Body Neutron Activation Analysis BNL-65.Study of the Effects of a High-Sucrose Dietary Intake Using Carbon-14 BNL-66.Studies of the Uptake of Metabolites of Tryptophan Using Carbon-14 43 BNL-67.Comparison of Tryptophan Metabolism Using Carbon-14-Labeled Tryptophan BNL-68.Changes in Body Composition with Age Determined by Total-Body Neutron Activation Analysis BNL-69.Study of Krypton-79 Biokinetics BNL-70.Study of Xenon-127 Retention Hanford Sites HS-1.Ingestion of Iodine-131 in Milk by Hanford Employees HS-2.Intentional Release of Iodine-131 at Hanford in 1963 HS-3.Absorption of Tritium Oxide Through the Skin HS-4.Calibration Studies Using Zinc-65 HS-5.Study of Metabolism of Strontium Using Strontium-85 as a Tracer HS-6.Whole-Body Counting Studies of the Measurement of Phosphorus-32 HS-7.Distribution and Excretion of Technetium-95 and Technetium-96 in Humans HS-8.Study of Promethium Metabolism and the Effects of DTPA on Promethium Metabolism HS-9.Whole-Body Counting Studies Using Iron-59 HS-10.Alternative Method for Measuring Iron Uptake Using Iron-59 Idaho Sites IS-1.Administration of Radioactive Material to Volunteers to Test or Calibrate Analytical Equipment IS-2.Controlled Environmental Radioiodine Tests (CERT) Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory LBL-1.Treatment of Leukemia with Phosphorus-32 LBL-2.Metabolic Studies of Bone Tumors Using Strontium-89 LBL-3.Inhalation Studies Using Carbon-11 LBL-4.Inhalation of Zirconium-89 on Smoke Particles LBL-5.Radioactive Phosphorus as a Possible Diagnostic Procedure for Breast Tumors LBL-6.Comparison of the Uptake of Zirconium-95 in Tumor and Normal Tissue LBL-7.Autoradiographic Studies of the Distribution of Radiolabeled Lewisite and Mustard Gas on Skin LBL-8.Injection of Americium-241 LBL-9.Uptake of Iodine-131 in Thyroids of Psychiatric Patients LBL-10.Sodium-24 Uptake Studies on Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis LBL-11.Blood Volume Studies with Iron-59, Phosphorus-32, and Chromium-51 Involving Inmates at San Quentin Prison LBL-12.Blood and Tissue Studies with Iron59 LBL-13.(Duplicate of LBL-10 in The DOE Roadmap) LBL-14.Studies on the Rate of Uptake of Iodine-131 in the Thyroid LBL-15.Measures of Body Fat and Related Factors in Normal Adults Using Potassium-40, Cesium-137, and Tritium LBL-16.Study of Ascitic Fluid Using Tritium-Labeled Water and Phosphorus-32 LBL-17.A Physiological Study in the Peruvian Andes Using Iron-59 LBL-18.Studies on the Metabolism of Glycine Labeled with Carbon-14 LBL-19.Astatine-211 and the Thyroid LBL-20.Body Water at Sea Level and at High Altitudes by Tritium Analysis LBL-21.High-Energy-Beam Irradiation of Breast Cancer Patients LBL-22.Iron-59 Metabolism in Patients with Cancer and Anemic Conditions LBL-23.Radionuclide Studies to Determine Bone Marrow Distribution in Humans LBL-24.Iron Kinetics and Hemoglobin Synthesis in Human Subjects with Iron-59-Bound Plasma LBL-25.Intestinal Iron Absorption Studies Using Iron-52, Iron-55, and Iron-59 60 LBL-26.Chromium-51 Metabolism Studies in Patients with Hemochromatosis LBL-27.Calcium-47 Retention Studies in Juvenile Diabetics LBL-28.Whole-Body Counting Studies on the Retention of Copper-67 and Phosphorus-32 and Chromium-51 LBL-29.Metabolism of Carbon-14-Labeled Methionine in Schizophrenics LBL-30.Experimental Therapy of Multiple Myeloma with Phosphorus-32, Strontium-89, and Yttrium-90 LBL-31.Experimental Therapy of Polycythemia Vera Using Phosphorus-32 and XRays LBL-32.Studies of Iodine-131 Uptake in Hypothyroid Children LBL-33.Studies on Patients Treated with Total-Body XRay Irradiation LBL-34.Studies Using Radioactive Isotopes of Nitrogen, Argon, Krypton, and Xenon LBL-35.Blood Oxygen Studies in Polycythemia Vera Patients and Normal Subjects Using Colloids of Zirconium-95 and Yttrium-90 LBL-36.Experimental Breast Cancer Treatment Studies Using Phosphorus-32 LBL-37.Experimental Thyroid Cancer Treatment Using Iodine-131 LBL-38.Metabolism and Effects of Iodine-131 LBL-39.Studies Using Phosphorus-32 and Other Radioisotopes LBL-40.Studies of Electric Potentials in the Stomach Using Sodium-24 LBL-41.Studies of Methionine Metabolism Using Sulfur-35 as Tracer LBL-42.XRay Irradiation of the Normal Pituitary Gland During Conventional Cancer Therapy LBL-43.Experimental XRay Irradiation of the Pituitary in Patients with Melanoma or Hormonally Influenced Tumors LBL-44.Blood Volume Studies Using Radioactive Phosphorus-32 as Tracer LBL-45.Studies on the Distribution of Gases, Water, and Electrolytes in the Human Body Using Carbon-11, Sodium-24, and Iodine-131 LBL-46.Total-Body Water Studies Using Tritium as a Tracer LBL-47.Liver Blood Flow Studies Using Phosphorus-32 as a Tracer LBL-48.Blood Volume Studies in Cirrhosis Using Phosphorus-32-Labeled Red Blood Cells LBL-49.Studies of the Metabolism of Tritium-Labeled Cholesterol LBL-50.Study of Sodium-24 Metabolism in Normal Individuals and Patients with Ascites LBL-51.Measurement of Total "Sodium Space" and Total-Body Sodium Using Sodium-24 as a Tracer LBL-52.Study of the Effects of Injection Volume on Intramuscular Sodium Clearance Rates Using Sodium-24 LBL-53.Experimental Treatment of Bladder Tumors Using Cobalt-60 Beads LBL-54.Red Blood-Cell Studies in Leukemia Patients Using Carbon-14-Labeled Glycine LBL-55.Study of the Effect of Thyrotropic Hormone Using Iodine-131 LBL-56.Blood Volume Studies in Cancer Using Phosphorus-32 LBL-57.Blood Volume Studies in Pregnancy Using Phosphorus-32 LBL-58.Blood Volume Studies in Pre-Eclamptic Patients Using Phosphorus-32 LBL-59.Lipid Metabolism Studies Using Tritium-Labeled Cholesterol LBL-60.Blood Volume Studies Using Dextran and Phosphorus-32-Labeled Red Blood Cells LBL-61.Measurement of Blood Volume Using Chromium-51 LBL-62.Body Composition Studies Using Tritium LBL-63.Blood Studies in Congestive Heart Failure Using Phosphorus-32 and Sodium-24 LBL-64.Experimental Cancer Therapy Using Gold-198, Yttrium-90, and Chromium-51 LBL-65.Study of Local Blood Flow in Bone Marrow in Patients with Leukemia and Neoplastic Diseases Using Iodine-131 LBL-66.Localization of Deep-Seated Tumors Using Potassium-42 LBL-67.Measurement of Residual Fluid in the Fasting Stomach Using Zirconium-95/Niobium-95 as Tracer LBL-68.Measurement of Sodium-24 Movement in Normal Subjects LBL-69.Aspirin Absorption Studies Using Carbon-14 LBL-70.Studies on Protein-Bound Iodine131 in Children LBL-71.Studies of Red Blood-Cell Production in Patients with Polycythemia Vera Using Iron-59 and Phosphorus-32 LBL-72.Experimental Treatment of Cancer with Heavy Charged Particles LBL-73.Studies of Human Growth and Development Involving the Use of Tritium, Sodium-24, and Iodine-131 as Tracers LBL-74.Study of the Effects of Altitude on Red Cell Production and Volume Using Tritium, Phosphorus-32, and Iron-59 LBL-75.Estimates of Lean-Body Weight and Skeletal Size Using Tritium and XRays LBL-76.A Study of the Effectiveness of Silver-111 as a Tracer in Liver Functions Tests LBL-77.Iodine Uptake Studies in Thyroid Cancer Patients Using Iodine-131 LBL-78.Studies on Iron Loss Using Iron59 LBL-79.Blood Volume Studies in Healthy Humans Using Chromium-51 as Tracer LBL-80.Studies of Blood Flow to Bone Using Fluorine-18 LBL-81.Blood Volume Studies Using Chromium-51 and Iodine-131 in Diagnosis of Aldosteronism LBL-82.Experimental Therapy for Leukemia Using Yttrium-90 LBL-83.Studies of Fatty Acid Metabolism Using Palmitic Acid Labeled with Carbon-14 as a Tracer LBL-84.Bone Marrow Distribution of Iron Using Iron-59 and Iron-52 as Tracers LBL-85.Physiological Studies on Mount Everest Climbers Using Iron-59 and Tritium LBL-86.Tumor Localization Studies Using Selenium-75, Mercury-197, Technetium-99m, and Strontium-85 LBL-87.Iron Kinetics Studies Using Iron59 LBL-88.Experimental Tumor Imaging Using Gallium-67 LBL-89.Study of Metabolic Abnormalities in Asparagine-Dependent Tumors Using Carbon-14 LBL-90.Carbon-14 Bicarbonate Kinetics in Adult Males LBL-91.Study of Methionine Metabolism in Folic-Acid-Deficient and Vitamin B12-Deficient Patients Using Carbon-14 LBL-92.Visual Perception Studies Using Neutron Beams LBL-93.Nutritional Studies Using Carbon-14 as Tracer Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LLNL-1.In VivoCalibration Studies Using Humans Administered Niobium-92m, Barium-133, Palladium-103, Chromium-51, and Strontium-85 LLNL-2.Ozone Effects on Overall and Regional Lung Function Using Nitrogen-13 and Oxygen-15 LLNL-3.Decompression Sickness Studies Using Nitrogen-13 and Ar211.gon-41 Los Alamos National Laboratory LANL-1.Tritium Studies at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory LANL-2.Metabolism of EDTA in Humans Using Carbon-14 LANL-3.Radiation Exposure of Aircrews in Mushroom Clouds LANL-4.Determination of the Survival Time of Red Blood Cells by Chromium-51 Labeling LANL-5.Studies of the Metabolism and Excretion of Alkali Metal Radionuclides in Humans LANL-6.Absorption and Retention of Orally Administered Iron-59 in Humans LANL-7.Determining Thyroid Uptake and Retention of Iodine-131 LANL-8.Long-Term Retention of Cesium134 and Cesium-137 in Humans LANL-9.Study of the Retention and Excretion of Iodine-131 LANL-10.Absorption and Uptake of Iodine-131 and Sodium-24 in Humans LANL-11.Retention of Iodine-131 in Subjects with Inflammatory Liver Disease LANL-12.Gastrointestinal Passage of Radioactive Particles Containing Manganese-54 and Uranium-235 LANL-13.Metabolism of Zinc-65 in Human Leukemia LANL-14.Iodine-131 Used to Determine Thyroid Uptake Measurement Techniques LANL-15.Uptake and Retention of Zinc65 LANL-16.Iron-59 Absorption in Normal Human Subjects LANL-17.Cutaneous Absorption of Strontium-85 LANL-18.Retention of Strontium-85 LANL-19.Studies on the Retention of Iodine131 in Humans LANL-20.Thyroid Function Studies Using Sodium Iodide-131 LANL-21.(Essentially a duplicate of LANL-15 in The DOE Roadmap) LANL-22.Cesium-132 Metabolism in Humans LANL-23.Thyroid Studies Using Small Amounts of Iodine-125 and Iodine-131 LANL-24.Studies of the Metabolism of Antituberculous Drugs Using a Carbon-14 Tracer LANL-25.Clinical Applications of Whole-Body Scintillometry for Determining Cobalt-60-Labeled Vitamin B12 Absorption and Retention Oak Ridge Sites OR-1. Early Gallium-72 Studies in Nuclear Medicine OR-2. Colloidal Gold-198 Studies at Oak Ridge OR-3. Use of Serum Albumin Labeled with Iodine-131 OR-4. Iodine-131 in the Treatment of Malignant Melanoma OR-5. Use of Iodine-131 Following Surgical Removal of Thyroid Cancers OR-6.Comparison of the Metabolism of Rubidium-86 and Potassium-42 OR-7.Metabolism Studies Using Calcium47 OR-8. Total-Body Irradiation Therapy of Hematologic Disorders OR-9.Studies Using Cobalt-57-Labeled Vitamin B12 OR-10.Iodine-131-Labeled L-Thyroxine Turnover by Whole-Body Counting OR-11.Experimental Tumor Scanning with Gallium-67 OR-12.Therapeutic Allogenic Transplantation of Human Bone Marrow OR-13.ScandiumAugmented Gallium-67 Localization in Tumors OR-14.Clinical Testing of Strontium-85m as a Bone Scanning Agent OR-15.Comparison of Indium-111 and Bismuth-206 with Gallium-67 as Tumor Scanning Agents OR-16.Use of an External Gadolinium-153 Source for Timing the Cardiac Cycle OR-17.Dysprosium-157 as a Clinical Imaging Agent for Solid Tumors OR-18.(Included in The DOE Roadmap and now part of OR-8) OR-19.Clinical Testing of a Line-Scanning Proportional Counter Camera Using Injected Iodine-125 and Technetium-99m OR-20.Uranium Injections Into Terminally Ill Cancer Patients OR-21.Pathologic Changes in Normal Thyroid Tissue After Large Doses of Iodine-131 OR-22.Intracavitary Injection of Phosphate-32 as Colloidal Chromic Phosphate OR-23.Experimental Treatment of Chronic Leukemia Using Colloidal Gold-198 OR-24.Intracavitary Colloidal Gold-198 in the Treatment of Effusions Due to Malignant Neoplasms OR-25.Study of Strontium and Calcium Metabolism Using Strontium-85 and Calcium-45 OR-26.Gastrointestinal Tract Studies Using Lanthanum-140 and Iron-59 OR-27.Total-Body Irradiation and Attempted Bone Marrow Transplants in Acute Leukemia OR-28.Use of Iodine-130 to Study Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone in Cancer Patients OR-29.Study of Uranium Excretion in Urine After Exposure to Uranium Oxide Dusts OR-30.Study of the Effects of Beta Rays on Skin Using Phosphorus-32 OR-31.Thyroid Metabolism of Iodine-131 in Single Versus Continual Ingestions OR-32.Study of Decontamination of Skin Contaminated with Silver-110m University of California, Los Angeles UCLA-1. Early Experimental Imaging of the Thyroid Gland Using Iodine-131 UCLA-2.Zinc Metabolism Studies Using Zinc-65 UCLA-3.A Study of Strontium-85 and Calcium-47 Metabolism in Patients with Osteoporosis, Paget's Disease, and Metastatic Bone Tumors UCLA-4.Studies of Liver Function and Blood Flow Using Rose Bengal Iodine-131 and Colloidal Gold198 in Normal and Diseased Subjects UCLA-5.Tracer Studies Using Iodine-125, Iodine-131, and Gold-198 to Evaluate Functions of the Reticuloendothelial System UCLA-6.Retention of Vitamin B12 Labeled with Cobalt-60 UCLA-7.Retention of Iodine-131-Labeled Human Serum Albumin UCLA-8.Study of Calcium Metabolism Using Calcium-47 as a Tracer UCLA-9.Study of Lung Imaging Techniques Using Albumin Labeled with Iodine-131 and Iodine-125 UCLA-10.Strontium-85 Retention in Humans UCLA-11.Lung Scanning of Inhaled Radiopharmaceuticals Using Iodine-131 and Technetium99m UCLA-12.Measurement of Loss of Iodine131-Labeled Human-Serum Albumin in Children UCLA-13.Copper-67 Absorption in Patients with Disorders of Iron Metabolism UCLA-14.Total-Body Counting of Iodine131-Labeled Gamma Globulins UCLA-15.Study of Manganese-54 and Copper-67 Absorption and Retention UCLA-16.Study of Inhaled Pollen-Associated Asthma Using Technetium-99m and Xenon133 UCLA-17.Liver Blood Flow Study Using Gold-198 and Technetium-99m UCLA-18.Thrombophlebitis Scanning Using Technetium-99m and Iodine- UCLA-19.Studies of Liver Circulation and Metabolism in Normal and Diseased Subjects Using Technetium-99m Albumin Microaggregates UCLA-20.Studies of Hip Socket Vascularity Using Technetium-99m-Sulfur Colloid UCLA-21.Test of Lung Scans in Normal Subjects Using Technetium-99m, Indium-113m, and Xenon-133 UCLA-22.Study of Cranial Development Defects Using Fluorine-18 UCLA-23.Study of Heart Chamber and Pulmonary Dilution Curves in Normal Subjects and Patients with Shunts Using Xenon-133 and Technetium-99m University of Chicago-Argonne Cancer Research Hospital UC-1.Chromium-51 and Iron-59 Used to Study Red Blood-Cell Production UC-2.Studies on the Clinical Application of Yttrium-90 UC-3.Chromium-51 Used to Study Primaquine Sensitivity UC-4.Chromium-51 Used to Measure Red Cell Survival Times in Subjects with Liver Diseases UC-5.Radioactive Carbon in Studies of Cholesterol Metabolism in Humans Using Carbon-14 UC-6.Study of the Origin of Steroid Hormones Using Tritium and Carbon-14-Labeled Compounds UC-7.Chromium-51 Used to Study Red Blood Cells UC-8.Digitoxin Metabolism Studies with Carbon-14 Digitoxin UC-9.Carbon-14-Labeled Proteins in Multiple Myeloma UC-10.Carbon-14-Labeled Digitoxin Administered to Pregnant Women to Determine Fetal Distribution UC-11.Human Tracer Studies Using Tritium- and Carbon-14-Labeled Cholesterol UC-12.Study of Hormone Conversion During Human Pregnancy Using Carbon-14 UC-13.Studies on Uric Acid Labeled with Carbon-14 UC-14.Carbon-14 Study of the Carbon Dioxide Pool in Humans UC-15.Metabolism, Retention, and Excretion of Molybdenum-99 UC-16.Metabolism of Strontium-85 and Calcium-47 UC-17.Development of Iodine131-Labeled Fluorescein as a Brain Tumor Imaging Agent UC-18.Studies Using Carbon-14-Labeled Compounds in Patients with Gout UC-19.Use of Molybdenum-99 for Liver Scanning Studies UC-20.Metabolism of Lithocholic Acid Labeled with Carbon-14 UC-21.Preliminary Tracer Studies Using Technetium-99m and Iodine-131 UC-22.Metabolism and Absorption of Skin Medications Labeled with Carbon-14 UC-23.Studies on the Use of Iodine-131 Antifibrinogen UC-24.Bone-Tissue Radiography Using an External Source of Iodine-125 UC-25.Retention of Iron-59 in the Lungs UC-26.Studies on the Radiation Sensitivity of Tumors in Normal Tissues After Chemically Induced Hyperthyroidism UC-27.Metabolism and Retention Studies Using Selenium-75 UC-28.Comparison of Gallium-68, Technetium-99m, and Indium-113m for Diagnosis of Tumors UC-29.Study of X-Ray Treatment of Gastric Ulcers UC-30.Experimental Neurosurgery Using Palladium-109 and Silver-111 Implants in Parkinson's Disease Patients UC-31.The Use of Yttrium-90 Pellets to Destroy the Pituitary Gland in Patients with Hormonally Influenced Cancers UC-32.Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer Using Implanted Iodine-131 UC-33.Chicago Studies of the Metabolism of a Tuberculosis Drug Using Carbon-14 UC-34.Cholesterol Studies Using Carbon-14 and Tritium UC-35.Study of Glutamic Acid Metabolism Using Carbon-14 Tracer UC-36.Study of the Metabolism of Progesterone Using Carbon-14 UC-37.Influence of a Brain Extract on Cholesterol Metabolism Using Carbon-14 as a Tracer UC-38.Experimental Cancer Therapy Using Permanent Chromium-51 Implants UC-39.Treatment of Selected Tumors Using an Electron Beam UC-40.Human Ingestion of Real and Simulated Fallout UC-41.Use of an Experimental Strontium90/Yttrium-90 Needle for Radiation Cordotomy Pain Relief UC-42.Pharmacokinetics of Selenium-75-L-Selenomethionine UC-43.Experimental Use of Gallium-67 as a Scanning Agent in the Staging of Hodgkin's Disease UR-1.Polonium-210 Metabolism and Excretion Study UR-2.Uranium Injections UR-3.Ingestion of Milk Containing Iodine131 UR-4.The Fate of Radon Ingested by Humans UR-5.Excretion Studies Using Thorotrast Containing Thorium-232 and Decay Products UR-6.Radon-222 Inhalation Studies UR-7.Study of the Retention and Distribution of Thorium-232 Decay Products UR-8.Study of the Metabolism of Natural Uranium in the Human Skeleton UR-9.Use of Antibodies Labeled with Iodine-131 in the Diagnosis and Localization of Brain Tumors151 UR-10.Skeletal Metabolism of Calcium-45 and Sodium-22 UR-11.Lead-212 Absorption Studies OT-1.Study of Blood Volumes with Iodine131-Tagged Plasma Protein OT-2.The Use of Iodine-131-Labeled Human Serum Albumin to Evaluate the Peripheral Circulation OT-3.Use of Iodine-131-Labeled Protein in the Study of Protein Digestion and Absorption in Children With and Without Cystic Fibrosis of the Pancreas OT-4.Thyroidal Deposition of Iodine-131 in Humans, Rats, and Dogs, from Milk and Nonmilk Sources OT-5.Plasma Volume Studies Using Chromium-51-Chloride OT-6.Iodine-131 Uptake by the Human Embryo OT-7.Uptake of Iodine-131 in Normal Newborn Infants in Iowa City OT-8.Uptake of Iodine-131 in Normal Newborn Infants in Nebraska OT-9.Uptake of Iodine-131 in Normal Newborn Infants in Memphis OT-10.Radioactive Isotope Studies at Tulane OT-11.Iron Metabolism in Human Pregnancy as Studied with Iron-59 OT-12.Sodium-24 Used to Study Exchangeable Sodium in Relation to the Menstrual Cycle OT-13.Blood Volume Measurements Using Stable Chromium-50 and Radioactive Chromium-51 OT-14.Testicular Irradiation of Washington State Prison Inmates OT-15.Iron-55 and Iron-59 Metabolism in Humans OT-16.Study of Blood Labeled with Chromium-51 in Normal Volunteer Subjects OT-17.Total-Body Neutron Activation Analysis OT-18.Utah Strontium-85 Metabolism Study OT-19.Radioisotope Studies at the Fernald State School, Massachusetts OT-20.Uptake of Iodine-131 by Premature Infants in Detroit OT-21.Testicular Irradiation of Oregon State Prison Inmates OT-22.Distribution of Zinc-65 in Blood and Organs of Humans OT-23.Thyroid Uptake and Urinary Excretion of Iodine-131 in Assessing Thyroid Function OT-24.Short-Term Clearance Studies Using Iodine-131 OT-25.Study of Iodine-131-Thyroxine Metabolism in Adolescent and Adult Human Subjects OT-26.Study of Iodine-131-Triiodothyronine Counting in Normal Subjects OT-27.Thyroid Hormone Secretion Studies Using Iodine-131 OT-28.Brain Scanning Studies Using Potassium-42 OT-29.Studies on Body Potassium Using Potassium-42 OT-30.Serum Level of Protein Bound Iodine-131 in the Diagnosis of Hyperthyroidism OT-31.Body Constituent Studies Using Sodium-24 and Potassium-42 OT-32.Red Blood-Cell Volume Studies Using Chromium51 OT-33.Studies on Body Sodium Using Sodium-24 OT-34.Bone Studies Using Sodium-24 OT-35.Studies of Calcium Metabolism and Thyroid Disease Using Calcium-45 OT-36.Analysis of Red Blood-Cell Survival in the Body Using Chromium-51 OT-37.Blood Volume Studies Using Chromium-51 OT-38.Studies of Stable Iodine Uptake Using Iodine-131 as a Tracer OT-39.Studies of Iron Metabolism, Anemia, and Cancer Using Iron-59 and Chromium-51 OT-40.Studies of Iron Metabolism, Anemia, and Rheumatoid Arthritis Using Iron-59 OT-41.Iron Absorption Studies Using Iron-59 OT-42.The Effects of Whole-Body Radiation on Organ Transplant Survival OT-43.Blood-Cell Studies in Colorado Prisoners Using Iron-59, Phosphorus-32, and Chromium-51 OT-44.Tracer Studies of Arsenic Metabolism Using Arsenic-71 and Arsenic-74 OT-45.Iodine Metabolism Studies in Graves' Disease Using Iodine-131 OT-46.Early Studies of Iron Metabolism in Red Blood Cells Using Iron-55 and Iron-59 OT-47.Studies on Absorption of Insulin Labeled with Iodine-131 in Subjects OT-48.Studies of the Effects of Thiouracil on the Thyroid Gland Using Iodine-131 OT-49.Studies on the Absorption of Ferrous and Ferric Iron Using Iron-59 OT-50.Studies to Determine Red Blood-Cell Volumes in Human Subjects Using Iron-55 and Iron-59 OT-51.A Study of Red Blood-Cell Survival in Stored and Transfused Blood Using Iron-55 OT-52.Studies on Red Blood-Cell Survival During Storage and After Transfusion Using Iron-55 and Iron-59 Tracers OT-53.Effect of Phytate on the Absorption of Iron-59 and Iron-55 OT-54.Measurements of Radon-222 Absorption Through Skin OT-55.Studies of the Urinary Excretion of Iodine Using Iodine-131 OT-56.Study of the Uptake of Iodine in Fetal Thyroids Using Iodine-131 OT-57.Red Blood-Cell Volumes and Hematocrit in Normal Pregnancy Using Iron-55 OT-58.Studies of Iron Storage and Utilization Using Iron-55 and Iron-59 OT-59.Study of Iron Turnover by Red Blood Cells Using Iron-55 and Iron-59 OT-60.Studies of the Metabolism of Maternal Iron in Newborn Infants Using Iron-55 OT-61.Thyroid Function Studies Using Iodine-131 OT-62.Interlaboratory Comparison of the Reliability of the Measurement of Cesium-137 in Humans OT-63.Metabolic and Gastrointestinal Absorption Studies with Short-Lived Decay Products of Radium and Thorium OT-64.Comparison of Iodine-123 and Iodine-131 for Thyroid Uptake Studies OT-65.Iodine-131 Localization OT-66.Tolerance to Whole-Body Irradiation of Patients with Advanced Cancer OT-67.Modification of the Distribution and Excretion of Lanthanum-140 by Chelating Agents OT-68.Metabolism Studies Using Strontium-85 and Calcium-45 OT-69.Strontium Metabolism Studies Using Strontium-85 OT-70.Studies on EDTA and Strontium Excretion Using Strontium-85 OT-71.Comparative Metabolism Studies Using Strontium-85 and Calcium45 OT-72.Efforts to Increase the Rate of Strontium-85 Excretion OT-73.Decontamination of Skin Contaminated with Carbon-14, Fission Products, Tantalum-182, and Alpha Emitters OT-74.Effects of Radium-224 Applied to Skin OT-75.Effects of Strontium-90 and Yttrium-90 on Skin OT-76.Topical Absorption Studies Using Radium-224 OT-77.Effects of Polonium-210 on Skin OT-78.Studies of the Transmission of Radioiodine to Infants Through Maternal Breast Milk OT-79.Studies of Copper Metabolism Using Copper-64 in Healthy Subjects and Patients with Wilson's Disease OT-80.Studies on Copper Transfer Between Red Blood Cells and Plasma Using Copper-64 OT-81.White Blood-Cell Labeling Studies Using Phosphorus-32 in Utah Prisoners OT-82.Granulocyte Studies Using Phosphorus-32 in Utah Prisoners OT-83.White Blood-Cell Production Studies Using Phosphorus-32 OT-84.Study of Copper Metabolism Using Copper-64 OT-85.Blister Studies Using Phosphorus-32 in Utah Prisoners OT-86.Comparative Metabolism of Radium-226 and Strontium-85 OT-87.Total-Body Counter Calibration Using Cesium-132 and Potassium42 OT-88.Study of Cortisone-Induced Granulocytosis Using Phosphorus-32-Labeled isopropylfluorophosphate in Utah Prisoners OT-89.Cesium-137 and Rubidium-83 Metabolism in Healthy Subjects and Subjects with Muscular Dystrophy OT-90.Study of Granulocyte Kinetics During Endotoxin-Induced Granulocytosis Using Phosphorus-32 in Utah Prisoners OT-91.Study of the Transfer of Iron-59 and Iodine-131 Between Mother and Fetus OT-92.Metabolism Studies Using Strontium-85 and Calcium-47 OT-93.Measuring Extracellular Fluid Using Sodium-24 OT-94.Potassium Studies in Diseased Patients Using Potassium-42 OT-95.Potassium Studies in Women Using Potassium-42 OT-96.Sodium Volume Studies in Diseased Patients Using Sodium24 OT-97.Study of Potassium Metabolism in Hyperthyroidism Using Potassium-42 OT-98.Studies of Potassium Metabolism in Diabetes Using Potassium-42 Tracer OT-99.Iron Absorption Studies Using Iron-55 and Iron-59 in Normal Subjects and Mental Patients OT-100.Study of Iron Turnover Rates Using Iron-55 in Men, and Nonmenstruating and Menstruating Women OT-101.Study of Cooley's Anemia in Children Using Chromium-51 and Iron-59 OT-102.Study of Red Blood-Cell Production Using Iron-59 OT-103.Sodium Volume Studies in Children and Adults Using Sodium-24 OT-104.Estimates of Total-Body Sodium in Infants and Children Using Sodium-24 OT-105.Total-Body Sodium Studies Using Sodium-24 |