DOE Shield DOE Openness: Human Radiation Experiments: Roadmap to the Project
Experiments List
Roadmap to the Project
HomeRoadmapWhat's NewMultimediaRelated SitesFeedback
Experiments List
Foreword

Introduction

Criteria for Listing Experiments

Basic Categories of Human Radiation Experiments

The Process of Identifying Experiments

Summarizing and Listing Experiments

Challenges

About This List

Radiation Terms

Listing of Experiment Titles

Radiation Terms


DEFINED BELOW are some technical terms relating to radiation.

Radioactivity-the tendency of unstable atoms to undergo a spontaneous, energy­releasing change in their structure. The energy released is called radiation. It occurs at various energy levels. At a certain point, radiation energy is sufficient to strip electrons from the atoms in materials it strikes and is therefore called ionizing radiation. It is particularly dangerous for humans because these energy levels are such that they also can cause damage to living tissues. Ionizing radiation may involve alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, x­rays, or neutrons.

Alpha particles-a high­energy particle with a very short range. It does not pose an external hazard because it cannot penetrate human skin. It may be stopped by a single sheet of paper. However, if inhaled or ingested, the particles come in direct contact with tissue cells and can cause severe damage. Accordingly, alpha particles present a serious internal hazard. Uranium, radium, and plutonium all emit alpha particles.

Beta particles-exhibit a wide range of energy levels. Some have sufficient energy to penetrate human skin, and will cause skin burns. These particles can cause damage if inhaled or ingested. Beta particles can be stopped by plastic, aluminum, and wood. Tritium is one example of a beta emitter.

Gamma rays and x-rays-both are high-energy emissions that easily penetrate the human body. They are, therefore, dangerous in high amounts as external radiation hazards. They can be stopped by dense materials, such as lead, concrete, or steel. Gamma rays are produced by isotopes such as lanthanum­140, cesium­137, and cobalt­60. X-rays are produced by medical x­ray tubes and the x­ray machines used to examine carry­on baggage at airports.

Neutrons-a component of the nucleus of an atom. Neutron radiation can be harmful to living things. Neutrons are liberated in great numbers in a nuclear reactor, but they do not present a hazard to humans because they are absorbed by the heavy shielding that encloses the reactor. Neutrons are also emitted during the spontaneous decay of certain radionuclides such as californium­252. Amount of radiation is expressed in several ways.

A curie is a measure of activity, or the rate of disintegration of atoms undergoing change. This unit of measure is often expressed as millicuries (thousandths of a curie) or microcuries (millionths of a curie). A roentgen is a measure of the ionization of air by x-rays or gamma rays.

Exposure-refers to being placed in a field of radiation energy. Dose refers to energy imparted per unit mass of tissue. A rad is a measure of the absorbed dose to tissue from exposure to radiation; that is, the amount of energy deposited per unit mass of tissue. A rem is a measure of dose equivalent in man. It is the dose in rads multiplied by a weighting factor to account for the more damaging effects of alpha particles and neutron radiation.

Background radiation-refers to the natural radiation to which people are exposed in daily life. It differs for different locations and different circumstances. Brick and wood homes emit different levels of background radiation. Cities at different elevations have different levels of background cosmic radiation. For example, the average annual dose from all sources to U.S. residents is estimated to be 200 millirems per year. However, the average dose to residents of Los Alamos, New Mexico, a city at high elevation is 330 millirems per year. A transcontinental airplane flight will result in a dose of about 4 millirems to a passenger. A standard chest x-ray will result in a dose of about 10 millirems.

Occupational dose-refers to the dose that people receive in their workplace. To provide for the safety of workers, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP-60, 1990) has established certain standards to limit the dose received by workers. Standards for minors are 10 percent of the dose for adults. These annual dose limits for radiation workers are:

Whole body 2 rem
Skin or any extremities 50 rem
Eyes 15 rem
Embryo/fetus 0.2 rem

By comparison, the annual dose limit for the general public (not radiation workers) set by the Commission is 0.1 rem.  

Listing of Experiment Titles

Plutonium Injection

PI-1. Plutonium Injection Studies

Argonne National Laboratory

ANL-1. Radium as an Experimental Therapy for Treating Mental Disorders at Elgin State Hospital in Elgin, Illinois
ANL-2. Effect of Phosphorus-32 on Hemoglobin Metabolism in Polycythemia Rubra Vera
ANL-3. Plutonium Ingestion Study
ANL-4. Arsenic-76 Biodistribution and Excretion Studies
ANL-5. Whole-Body Counter Calibration with Sodium-24
ANL-6. Uptake of Tritiated Thymidine by Human Tumor
ANL-7. Hematological Effects of Total-Body X­Ray Irradiation
ANL-8. Studies on the Biochemical Effects of Total-Body X-Rays in Humans
ANL-9. Studies of the Metabolism of Arsenic-76
ANL-10. Effects of Single-Dose X-Rays to the Nail Fold Area
ANL-11. Studies on the Therapeutic Potential of Arsenic-76
ANL-12. Elimination of Intravenous Carbon-14-Labeled Sodium Bicarbonate
ANL-13. Study of Dextran Metabolism Using Carbon-14
ANL-14. Whole-Body Counter Calibration and Evaluation of Techniques Using Potassium-42
ANL-15. Whole-Body Counter Calibration Using Hospital Patients Administered Cesium-132
ANL-16. Absorption and Dissolution of Atmospheric and Inhaled Radon
ANL-17. Studies of the Use of Tritium and Carbon-14-Labeled Bile Acids in Metabolic Studies

Brookhaven National Laboratory

BNL-1. Effectiveness of Iodine-131 in Diagnosing and Treating Graves' Disease and Metastatic Carcinoma of the Thyroid
BNL-2. Boron Neutron Capture Therapy
BNL-3. Iodine-131 Used to Measure Thyroid Function in Young Children with Nephrotic Syndrome
BNL-4. Radioactive Chlorine, Bromine, and Sodium in Extracellular Fluids
BNL-5. Measurement of the Turnover Rate of Sodium in Nephrotic Children Using Sodium-24
BNL-6. Degradation Rate of Iodine­131-Labeled Normal Albumin Using the Whole-Body Gamma Spectrometer
BNL-7. Studies on the Metabolism of Plasma Proteins in the Nephrotic Syndrome
BNL-8. Metabolism Studies with Acetate Labeled with Carbon-14
BNL-9. Metabolic Studies with Manganese-54
BNL-10. Magnesium Metabolism Studies in Humans with Magnesium-28
BNL-11. Whole-Body Counting Technique Used to Study Turnover of Globulins Labeled with Iodine-131
BNL-12. A Study of Metabolic Pathways of Carbohydrate Formation Using Carbon-14
BNL-13. Analysis of Blood Glucose Following Intravenous Injection of Carbon-14
BNL-14. The Metabolism and Fate of Tritiated Thymidine in Humans
BNL-15. Study of Carbon-14-Labeled Ascorbic Acid Metabolism
BNL-16. Dose-Response Relationships Between Iodine-131 Administrations and Hematopoietic Effects
BNL-17. Estimation of Body Water Volume and Potassium in

Children Using Tritium and Potassium-42 as a Tracer

BNL-18.Cerebrospinal Fluid Studies Using Chlorine-38, Potassium-42, and Iodine-131

BNL-19.Study of Manganese Metabolism Using Manganese-56 as a Tracer

BNL-20.Experimental Systemic Therapy of Bone Tumors Using Gallium-72

BNL-21.Investigation of Carbohydrate Formation Using Carbon-14-Labeled Acetate

BNL-22.Studies on the Retention of Vitamin B12 Using Cobalt-60 and Cobalt-58 Tracers

BNL-23.Use of Iodine-124 for Scanning Brain Tumors

BNL-24.Studies of the Proliferation of Leukemic and Multiple Myeloma Cells Using Tritiated Thymidine

BNL-25.Study of the Role of Sodium in Hypertension Using Sodium-22

BNL-26.Study of Iron Absorption and Loss by Whole-Body Counting Using Iron-59

BNL-27.Plasma Binding Capacity for Vitamin B12 Using Cobalt-57 Tracer

BNL-28.A Short-Term Comparison of Calcium and Strontium Metabolism Using Calcium-47 and Strontium-85

BNL-29.Study of Tryptophan Metabolism Using Carbon-14

BNL-30.Use of Iodine-131 and Tritium Tracers in Studies of Vasopressin Metabolism

BNL-31.Metabolism of Carbon-14-Labeled Acetate in Diabetics

BNL-32.Study of Vitamin B12 Metabolism Using Cobalt-58 and Cobalt-60

BNL-33.Studies of Strontium Metabolism Using Calcium-47 and Strontium-85

BNL-34.Study of the Metabolism of Cesium-137

BNL-35.Study of Tryptophan Conversion to O-Aminophenol Using Carbon­14

BNL-36.Total-Body Water and Hematologic Studies in the Pacific Islanders Using Chromium-51 and Tritium

BNL-37.Study of Iron Metabolism in Humans with Aregenerative Anemia Using Iron-59 and Chromium-51

BNL-38.Metabolism of Zinc-65

BNL-39.Study of Fatty Acid Synthesis Using Tritium and Carbon-14-Labeled Glucose and Lactic Acid

BNL-40.Study of the Metabolism of a Bladder Carcinogen Using Carbon-14

BNL-41.Study of Metabolism of Lactate and Pyruvate with Diabetes Using Carbon-14 Tracer

BNL-42.A Study of Calcium Metabolism in Parathyroid Deficiency Using Tracer Calcium-47

BNL-43.The Study of Menstruation and Resulting Iron Deficiency Using Whole-Body Counting

BNL-44.Characterizing Gamma Globulin Levels in Multiple Sclerosis with Iodine-131

BNL-45.Study of the Metabolism of Scandium Using Scandium-46 as Tracer

BNL-46.Use of Whole-Body Counting to Evaluate the Metabolism of Proteins Labeled with Iodine-131

BNL-47.Study of Skeletal Discrimination Between Calcium and Strontium Using Calcium-47 and Strontium-85

BNL-48.Evaluation of Thyroid Function and Anatomy Using Technetium-99m Pertechnetate and Iodine-131

BNL-49.Metabolic Study of Technetium-99m-DTPA as an Improved Brain and Kidney Scanning Agent

BNL-50.Study of Tryptophan Metabolism in Humans with Various Types of Anemia Using Carbon-14

BNL-51.Studies on the Effects of a High-Calcium Diet on Osteoporosis, Using Calcium-47

BNL-52.Studies on the Conversion of Pyruvate and Lactate to Glucose Using Carbon-14

BNL-53.Study of Glucose Metabolism in Patients with Gout Using Carbon-14-Labeled Glucose

BNL-54.Experimental Lymph Node Imaging with Technetium-99m Sulfur Colloid

BNL-55.The Comparison of Two Forms of Tryptophan in Patients with Scleroderma, Using Carbon-14 as a Tracer

BNL-56.Metabolic Studies on Normal and Acromegalic Subjects Using Carbon-14-Labeled Pyruvate

BNL-57.Measurement of Whole-Body Potassium Using Potassium-42 as Tracer and a Cesium-137 Gamma Source

BNL-58.Studies on the Kinetics of Halothane Using Bromine-82

BNL-59.Comparison of Technetium-99m and Iodine-123 for Thyroid Imaging

BNL-60.Studies on Calcium Metabolism and Chronic Renal Failure Using Calcium-47

BNL-61.Studies of Glucose Tolerance in Obese Humans Using Glucose Labeled with Carbon-14 and Tritium

BNL-62.Measurement of Total-Body Calcium, Sodium, Chlorine, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus by Neutron Activation Analysis

BNL-63.Effectiveness of Technetium-99m-DTPA in Measuring Glomerular Filtration Rate

BNL-64.Total-Body Neutron Activation Analysis

BNL-65.Study of the Effects of a High-Sucrose Dietary Intake Using Carbon-14

BNL-66.Studies of the Uptake of Metabolites of Tryptophan Using Carbon-14 43

BNL-67.Comparison of Tryptophan Metabolism Using Carbon-14-Labeled Tryptophan

BNL-68.Changes in Body Composition with Age Determined by Total-Body Neutron Activation Analysis

BNL-69.Study of Krypton-79 Biokinetics

BNL-70.Study of Xenon-127 Retention

Hanford Sites

HS-1.Ingestion of Iodine-131 in Milk by Hanford Employees

HS-2.Intentional Release of Iodine-131 at Hanford in 1963

HS-3.Absorption of Tritium Oxide Through the Skin

HS-4.Calibration Studies Using Zinc-65

HS-5.Study of Metabolism of Strontium Using Strontium-85 as a Tracer

HS-6.Whole-Body Counting Studies of the Measurement of Phosphorus-32

HS-7.Distribution and Excretion of Technetium-95 and Technetium-96 in Humans

HS-8.Study of Promethium Metabolism and the Effects of DTPA on Promethium Metabolism

HS-9.Whole-Body Counting Studies Using Iron-59

HS-10.Alternative Method for Measuring Iron Uptake Using Iron-59

Idaho Sites

IS-1.Administration of Radioactive Material to Volunteers to Test or Calibrate Analytical Equipment

IS-2.Controlled Environmental Radioiodine Tests (CERT)

Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory

LBL-1.Treatment of Leukemia with Phosphorus-32

LBL-2.Metabolic Studies of Bone Tumors Using Strontium-89

LBL-3.Inhalation Studies Using Carbon-11

LBL-4.Inhalation of Zirconium-89 on Smoke Particles

LBL-5.Radioactive Phosphorus as a Possible Diagnostic Procedure for Breast Tumors

LBL-6.Comparison of the Uptake of Zirconium-95 in Tumor and Normal Tissue

LBL-7.Autoradiographic Studies of the Distribution of Radiolabeled Lewisite and Mustard Gas on Skin

LBL-8.Injection of Americium-241

LBL-9.Uptake of Iodine-131 in Thyroids of Psychiatric Patients

LBL-10.Sodium-24 Uptake Studies on Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

LBL-11.Blood Volume Studies with Iron-59, Phosphorus-32, and Chromium-51 Involving Inmates at San Quentin Prison

LBL-12.Blood and Tissue Studies with Iron­59

LBL-13.(Duplicate of LBL-10 in The DOE Roadmap)

LBL-14.Studies on the Rate of Uptake of Iodine-131 in the Thyroid

LBL-15.Measures of Body Fat and Related Factors in Normal Adults Using Potassium-40, Cesium-137, and Tritium

LBL-16.Study of Ascitic Fluid Using Tritium-Labeled Water and Phosphorus-32

LBL-17.A Physiological Study in the Peruvian Andes Using Iron-59

LBL-18.Studies on the Metabolism of Glycine Labeled with Carbon-14

LBL-19.Astatine-211 and the Thyroid

LBL-20.Body Water at Sea Level and at High Altitudes by Tritium Analysis

LBL-21.High-Energy-Beam Irradiation of Breast Cancer Patients

LBL-22.Iron-59 Metabolism in Patients with Cancer and Anemic Conditions

LBL-23.Radionuclide Studies to Determine Bone Marrow Distribution in Humans

LBL-24.Iron Kinetics and Hemoglobin Synthesis in Human Subjects with Iron-59-Bound Plasma

LBL-25.Intestinal Iron Absorption Studies Using Iron-52, Iron-55, and Iron-59 60

LBL-26.Chromium-51 Metabolism Studies in Patients with Hemochromatosis

LBL-27.Calcium-47 Retention Studies in Juvenile Diabetics

LBL-28.Whole-Body Counting Studies on the Retention of Copper-67 and Phosphorus-32 and Chromium-51

LBL-29.Metabolism of Carbon-14-Labeled Methionine in Schizophrenics

LBL-30.Experimental Therapy of Multiple Myeloma with Phosphorus-32, Strontium-89, and Yttrium-90

LBL-31.Experimental Therapy of Polycythemia Vera Using Phosphorus-32 and X­Rays

LBL-32.Studies of Iodine-131 Uptake in Hypothyroid Children

LBL-33.Studies on Patients Treated with Total-Body X­Ray Irradiation

LBL-34.Studies Using Radioactive Isotopes of Nitrogen, Argon, Krypton, and Xenon

LBL-35.Blood Oxygen Studies in Polycythemia Vera Patients and Normal Subjects Using Colloids of Zirconium-95 and Yttrium-90

LBL-36.Experimental Breast Cancer Treatment Studies Using Phosphorus-32

LBL-37.Experimental Thyroid Cancer Treatment Using Iodine-131

LBL-38.Metabolism and Effects of Iodine-131

LBL-39.Studies Using Phosphorus-32 and Other Radioisotopes

LBL-40.Studies of Electric Potentials in the Stomach Using Sodium-24

LBL-41.Studies of Methionine Metabolism Using Sulfur-35 as Tracer

LBL-42.X­Ray Irradiation of the Normal Pituitary Gland During Conventional Cancer Therapy

LBL-43.Experimental X­Ray Irradiation of the Pituitary in Patients with Melanoma or Hormonally Influenced Tumors

LBL-44.Blood Volume Studies Using Radioactive Phosphorus-32 as Tracer

LBL-45.Studies on the Distribution of Gases, Water, and Electrolytes in the Human Body Using Carbon-11, Sodium-24, and Iodine-131

LBL-46.Total-Body Water Studies Using Tritium as a Tracer

LBL-47.Liver Blood Flow Studies Using Phosphorus-32 as a Tracer

LBL-48.Blood Volume Studies in Cirrhosis Using Phosphorus-32-Labeled Red Blood Cells

LBL-49.Studies of the Metabolism of Tritium-Labeled Cholesterol

LBL-50.Study of Sodium-24 Metabolism in Normal Individuals and Patients with Ascites

LBL-51.Measurement of Total "Sodium Space" and Total-Body Sodium Using Sodium-24 as a Tracer

LBL-52.Study of the Effects of Injection Volume on Intramuscular Sodium Clearance Rates Using Sodium-24

LBL-53.Experimental Treatment of Bladder Tumors Using Cobalt-60 Beads

LBL-54.Red Blood-Cell Studies in Leukemia Patients Using Carbon-14-Labeled Glycine

LBL-55.Study of the Effect of Thyrotropic Hormone Using Iodine-131

LBL-56.Blood Volume Studies in Cancer Using Phosphorus-32

LBL-57.Blood Volume Studies in Pregnancy Using Phosphorus-32

LBL-58.Blood Volume Studies in Pre-Eclamptic Patients Using Phosphorus-32

LBL-59.Lipid Metabolism Studies Using Tritium-Labeled Cholesterol

LBL-60.Blood Volume Studies Using Dextran and Phosphorus-32-Labeled Red Blood Cells

LBL-61.Measurement of Blood Volume Using Chromium-51

LBL-62.Body Composition Studies Using Tritium

LBL-63.Blood Studies in Congestive Heart Failure Using Phosphorus-32 and Sodium-24

LBL-64.Experimental Cancer Therapy Using Gold-198, Yttrium-90, and Chromium-51

LBL-65.Study of Local Blood Flow in Bone Marrow in Patients with Leukemia and Neoplastic Diseases Using Iodine-131

LBL-66.Localization of Deep-Seated Tumors Using Potassium-42

LBL-67.Measurement of Residual Fluid in the Fasting Stomach Using Zirconium-95/Niobium-95 as Tracer

LBL-68.Measurement of Sodium-24 Movement in Normal Subjects

LBL-69.Aspirin Absorption Studies Using Carbon-14

LBL-70.Studies on Protein-Bound Iodine­131 in Children

LBL-71.Studies of Red Blood-Cell Production in Patients with Polycythemia Vera Using Iron-59 and Phosphorus-32

LBL-72.Experimental Treatment of Cancer with Heavy Charged Particles

LBL-73.Studies of Human Growth and Development Involving the Use of Tritium, Sodium-24, and Iodine-131 as Tracers

LBL-74.Study of the Effects of Altitude on Red Cell Production and Volume Using Tritium, Phosphorus-32, and Iron-59

LBL-75.Estimates of Lean-Body Weight and Skeletal Size Using Tritium and X­Rays

LBL-76.A Study of the Effectiveness of Silver-111 as a Tracer in Liver Functions Tests

LBL-77.Iodine Uptake Studies in Thyroid Cancer Patients Using Iodine-131

LBL-78.Studies on Iron Loss Using Iron­59

LBL-79.Blood Volume Studies in Healthy Humans Using Chromium-51 as Tracer

LBL-80.Studies of Blood Flow to Bone Using Fluorine-18

LBL-81.Blood Volume Studies Using Chromium-51 and Iodine-131 in Diagnosis of Aldosteronism

LBL-82.Experimental Therapy for Leukemia Using Yttrium-90

LBL-83.Studies of Fatty Acid Metabolism Using Palmitic Acid Labeled with Carbon-14 as a Tracer

LBL-84.Bone Marrow Distribution of Iron Using Iron-59 and Iron-52 as Tracers

LBL-85.Physiological Studies on Mount Everest Climbers Using Iron-59 and Tritium

LBL-86.Tumor Localization Studies Using Selenium-75, Mercury-197, Technetium-99m, and Strontium-85

LBL-87.Iron Kinetics Studies Using Iron­59

LBL-88.Experimental Tumor Imaging Using Gallium-67

LBL-89.Study of Metabolic Abnormalities in Asparagine-Dependent Tumors Using Carbon-14

LBL-90.Carbon-14 Bicarbonate Kinetics in Adult Males

LBL-91.Study of Methionine Metabolism in Folic-Acid-Deficient and Vitamin B12-Deficient Patients Using Carbon-14

LBL-92.Visual Perception Studies Using Neutron Beams

LBL-93.Nutritional Studies Using Carbon-14 as Tracer

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

LLNL-1.In VivoCalibration Studies Using Humans Administered Niobium-92m, Barium-133, Palladium-103, Chromium-51, and Strontium-85

LLNL-2.Ozone Effects on Overall and Regional Lung Function Using Nitrogen-13 and Oxygen-15

LLNL-3.Decompression Sickness Studies Using Nitrogen-13 and Ar211.gon-41

Los Alamos National Laboratory

LANL-1.Tritium Studies at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory

LANL-2.Metabolism of EDTA in Humans Using Carbon-14

LANL-3.Radiation Exposure of Aircrews in Mushroom Clouds

LANL-4.Determination of the Survival Time of Red Blood Cells by Chromium-51 Labeling

LANL-5.Studies of the Metabolism and Excretion of Alkali Metal Radionuclides in Humans

LANL-6.Absorption and Retention of Orally Administered Iron-59 in Humans

LANL-7.Determining Thyroid Uptake and Retention of Iodine-131

LANL-8.Long-Term Retention of Cesium­134 and Cesium-137 in Humans

LANL-9.Study of the Retention and Excretion of Iodine-131

LANL-10.Absorption and Uptake of Iodine-131 and Sodium-24 in Humans

LANL-11.Retention of Iodine-131 in Subjects with Inflammatory Liver Disease

LANL-12.Gastrointestinal Passage of Radioactive Particles Containing Manganese-54 and Uranium-235

LANL-13.Metabolism of Zinc-65 in Human Leukemia

LANL-14.Iodine-131 Used to Determine Thyroid Uptake Measurement Techniques

LANL-15.Uptake and Retention of Zinc­65

LANL-16.Iron-59 Absorption in Normal Human Subjects

LANL-17.Cutaneous Absorption of Strontium-85

LANL-18.Retention of Strontium-85

LANL-19.Studies on the Retention of Iodine­131 in Humans

LANL-20.Thyroid Function Studies Using Sodium Iodide-131

LANL-21.(Essentially a duplicate of LANL-15 in The DOE Roadmap)

LANL-22.Cesium-132 Metabolism in Humans

LANL-23.Thyroid Studies Using Small Amounts of Iodine-125 and Iodine-131

LANL-24.Studies of the Metabolism of Antituberculous Drugs Using a Carbon-14 Tracer

LANL-25.Clinical Applications of Whole-Body Scintillometry for Determining Cobalt-60-Labeled Vitamin B12 Absorption and Retention

Oak Ridge Sites

OR-1. Early Gallium-72 Studies in Nuclear Medicine

OR-2. Colloidal Gold-198 Studies at Oak Ridge

OR-3. Use of Serum Albumin Labeled with Iodine-131

OR-4. Iodine-131 in the Treatment of Malignant Melanoma

OR-5. Use of Iodine-131 Following Surgical Removal of Thyroid Cancers

OR-6.Comparison of the Metabolism of Rubidium-86 and Potassium-42

OR-7.Metabolism Studies Using Calcium­47

OR-8. Total-Body Irradiation Therapy of Hematologic Disorders

OR-9.Studies Using Cobalt-57-Labeled Vitamin B12

OR-10.Iodine-131-Labeled L-Thyroxine Turnover by Whole-Body Counting

OR-11.Experimental Tumor Scanning with Gallium-67

OR-12.Therapeutic Allogenic Transplantation of Human Bone Marrow

OR-13.Scandium­Augmented Gallium-67 Localization in Tumors

OR-14.Clinical Testing of Strontium-85m as a Bone Scanning Agent

OR-15.Comparison of Indium-111 and Bismuth-206 with Gallium-67 as Tumor Scanning Agents

OR-16.Use of an External Gadolinium-153 Source for Timing the Cardiac Cycle

OR-17.Dysprosium-157 as a Clinical Imaging Agent for Solid Tumors

OR-18.(Included in The DOE Roadmap and now part of OR-8)

OR-19.Clinical Testing of a Line-Scanning Proportional Counter Camera Using Injected Iodine-125 and Technetium-99m

OR-20.Uranium Injections Into Terminally Ill Cancer Patients

OR-21.Pathologic Changes in Normal Thyroid Tissue After Large Doses of Iodine-131

OR-22.Intracavitary Injection of Phosphate-32 as Colloidal Chromic Phosphate

OR-23.Experimental Treatment of Chronic Leukemia Using Colloidal Gold-198

OR-24.Intracavitary Colloidal Gold-198 in the Treatment of Effusions Due to Malignant Neoplasms

OR-25.Study of Strontium and Calcium Metabolism Using Strontium-85 and Calcium-45

OR-26.Gastrointestinal Tract Studies Using Lanthanum-140 and Iron-59

OR-27.Total-Body Irradiation and Attempted Bone Marrow Transplants in Acute Leukemia

OR-28.Use of Iodine-130 to Study Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone in Cancer Patients

OR-29.Study of Uranium Excretion in Urine After Exposure to Uranium Oxide Dusts

OR-30.Study of the Effects of Beta Rays on Skin Using Phosphorus-32

OR-31.Thyroid Metabolism of Iodine-131 in Single Versus Continual Ingestions

OR-32.Study of Decontamination of Skin Contaminated with Silver-110m

University of California, Los Angeles

UCLA-1. Early Experimental Imaging of the Thyroid Gland Using Iodine-131

UCLA-2.Zinc Metabolism Studies Using Zinc-65

UCLA-3.A Study of Strontium-85 and Calcium-47 Metabolism in Patients with Osteoporosis, Paget's Disease, and Metastatic Bone Tumors

UCLA-4.Studies of Liver Function and Blood Flow Using Rose Bengal Iodine-131 and Colloidal Gold­198 in Normal and Diseased Subjects

UCLA-5.Tracer Studies Using Iodine-125, Iodine-131, and Gold-198 to Evaluate Functions of the Reticuloendothelial System

UCLA-6.Retention of Vitamin B12 Labeled with Cobalt-60

UCLA-7.Retention of Iodine-131-Labeled Human Serum Albumin

UCLA-8.Study of Calcium Metabolism Using Calcium-47 as a Tracer

UCLA-9.Study of Lung Imaging Techniques Using Albumin Labeled with Iodine-131 and Iodine-125

UCLA-10.Strontium-85 Retention in Humans

UCLA-11.Lung Scanning of Inhaled Radiopharmaceuticals Using Iodine-131 and Technetium­99m

UCLA-12.Measurement of Loss of Iodine­131-Labeled Human-Serum Albumin in Children

UCLA-13.Copper-67 Absorption in Patients with Disorders of Iron Metabolism

UCLA-14.Total-Body Counting of Iodine­131-Labeled Gamma Globulins

UCLA-15.Study of Manganese-54 and Copper-67 Absorption and Retention

UCLA-16.Study of Inhaled Pollen-Associated Asthma Using Technetium-99m and Xenon­133

UCLA-17.Liver Blood Flow Study Using Gold-198 and Technetium-99m

UCLA-18.Thrombophlebitis Scanning Using Technetium-99m and Iodine-

UCLA-19.Studies of Liver Circulation and Metabolism in Normal and Diseased

Subjects Using Technetium-99m Albumin Microaggregates

UCLA-20.Studies of Hip Socket Vascularity Using Technetium-99m-Sulfur Colloid

UCLA-21.Test of Lung Scans in Normal Subjects Using Technetium-99m, Indium-113m, and Xenon-133

UCLA-22.Study of Cranial Development Defects Using Fluorine-18

UCLA-23.Study of Heart Chamber and Pulmonary Dilution Curves in Normal Subjects and Patients with Shunts Using Xenon-133 and Technetium-99m

 University of Chicago-Argonne Cancer Research Hospital

UC-1.Chromium-51 and Iron-59 Used to Study Red Blood-Cell Production

UC-2.Studies on the Clinical Application of Yttrium-90

UC-3.Chromium-51 Used to Study Primaquine Sensitivity

UC-4.Chromium-51 Used to Measure Red Cell Survival Times in Subjects with Liver Diseases

UC-5.Radioactive Carbon in Studies of Cholesterol Metabolism in Humans Using Carbon-14

UC-6.Study of the Origin of Steroid Hormones Using Tritium and Carbon-14-Labeled Compounds

UC-7.Chromium-51 Used to Study Red Blood Cells

UC-8.Digitoxin Metabolism Studies with Carbon-14 Digitoxin

UC-9.Carbon-14-Labeled Proteins in Multiple Myeloma

UC-10.Carbon-14-Labeled Digitoxin Administered to Pregnant Women to Determine Fetal Distribution

UC-11.Human Tracer Studies Using Tritium- and Carbon-14-Labeled Cholesterol

UC-12.Study of Hormone Conversion During Human Pregnancy Using Carbon-14

UC-13.Studies on Uric Acid Labeled with Carbon-14

UC-14.Carbon-14 Study of the Carbon Dioxide Pool in Humans

UC-15.Metabolism, Retention, and Excretion of Molybdenum-99

UC-16.Metabolism of Strontium-85 and Calcium-47

UC-17.Development of Iodine­131-Labeled Fluorescein as a Brain Tumor Imaging Agent

UC-18.Studies Using Carbon-14-Labeled Compounds in Patients with Gout

UC-19.Use of Molybdenum-99 for Liver Scanning Studies

UC-20.Metabolism of Lithocholic Acid Labeled with Carbon-14

UC-21.Preliminary Tracer Studies Using Technetium-99m and Iodine-131

UC-22.Metabolism and Absorption of Skin Medications Labeled with Carbon-14

UC-23.Studies on the Use of Iodine-131 Antifibrinogen

UC-24.Bone-Tissue Radiography Using an External Source of Iodine-125

UC-25.Retention of Iron-59 in the Lungs

UC-26.Studies on the Radiation Sensitivity of Tumors in Normal Tissues After Chemically Induced Hyperthyroidism

UC-27.Metabolism and Retention Studies Using Selenium-75

UC-28.Comparison of Gallium-68, Technetium-99m, and Indium-113m for Diagnosis of Tumors

UC-29.Study of X-Ray Treatment of Gastric Ulcers

UC-30.Experimental Neurosurgery Using Palladium-109 and Silver-111 Implants in Parkinson's Disease Patients

UC-31.The Use of Yttrium-90 Pellets to Destroy the Pituitary Gland in Patients with Hormonally Influenced Cancers

UC-32.Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer Using Implanted Iodine-131

UC-33.Chicago Studies of the Metabolism of a Tuberculosis Drug Using Carbon-14

UC-34.Cholesterol Studies Using Carbon-14 and Tritium

UC-35.Study of Glutamic Acid Metabolism Using Carbon-14 Tracer

UC-36.Study of the Metabolism of Progesterone Using Carbon-14

UC-37.Influence of a Brain Extract on Cholesterol Metabolism Using Carbon-14 as a Tracer

UC-38.Experimental Cancer Therapy Using Permanent Chromium-51 Implants

UC-39.Treatment of Selected Tumors Using an Electron Beam

UC-40.Human Ingestion of Real and Simulated Fallout

UC-41.Use of an Experimental Strontium­90/Yttrium-90 Needle for Radiation Cordotomy Pain Relief

UC-42.Pharmacokinetics of Selenium-75-L-Selenomethionine

UC-43.Experimental Use of Gallium-67 as a Scanning Agent in the Staging of Hodgkin's Disease

 University of Rochester

UR-1.Polonium-210 Metabolism and Excretion Study

UR-2.Uranium Injections

UR-3.Ingestion of Milk Containing Iodine­131

UR-4.The Fate of Radon Ingested by Humans

UR-5.Excretion Studies Using Thorotrast Containing Thorium-232 and Decay Products

UR-6.Radon-222 Inhalation Studies

UR-7.Study of the Retention and Distribution of Thorium-232 Decay Products

UR-8.Study of the Metabolism of Natural Uranium in the Human Skeleton

UR-9.Use of Antibodies Labeled with Iodine-131 in the Diagnosis and Localization of Brain Tumors151

UR-10.Skeletal Metabolism of Calcium-45 and Sodium-22

UR-11.Lead-212 Absorption Studies

 Other

OT-1.Study of Blood Volumes with Iodine­131-Tagged Plasma Protein

OT-2.The Use of Iodine-131-Labeled Human Serum Albumin to Evaluate the Peripheral Circulation

OT-3.Use of Iodine-131-Labeled Protein in the Study of Protein Digestion and Absorption in Children With and Without Cystic Fibrosis of the Pancreas

OT-4.Thyroidal Deposition of Iodine-131 in Humans, Rats, and Dogs, from Milk and Nonmilk Sources

OT-5.Plasma Volume Studies Using Chromium-51-Chloride

OT-6.Iodine-131 Uptake by the Human Embryo

OT-7.Uptake of Iodine-131 in Normal Newborn Infants in Iowa City

OT-8.Uptake of Iodine-131 in Normal Newborn Infants in Nebraska

OT-9.Uptake of Iodine-131 in Normal Newborn Infants in Memphis

OT-10.Radioactive Isotope Studies at Tulane

OT-11.Iron Metabolism in Human Pregnancy as Studied with Iron-59

OT-12.Sodium-24 Used to Study Exchangeable Sodium in Relation to the Menstrual Cycle

OT-13.Blood Volume Measurements Using Stable Chromium-50 and Radioactive Chromium-51

OT-14.Testicular Irradiation of Washington State Prison Inmates

OT-15.Iron-55 and Iron-59 Metabolism in Humans

OT-16.Study of Blood Labeled with Chromium-51 in Normal Volunteer Subjects

OT-17.Total-Body Neutron Activation Analysis

OT-18.Utah Strontium-85 Metabolism Study

OT-19.Radioisotope Studies at the Fernald State School, Massachusetts

OT-20.Uptake of Iodine-131 by Premature Infants in Detroit

OT-21.Testicular Irradiation of Oregon State Prison Inmates

OT-22.Distribution of Zinc-65 in Blood and Organs of Humans

OT-23.Thyroid Uptake and Urinary Excretion of Iodine-131 in Assessing Thyroid Function

OT-24.Short-Term Clearance Studies Using Iodine-131

OT-25.Study of Iodine-131-Thyroxine Metabolism in Adolescent and Adult Human Subjects

OT-26.Study of Iodine-131-Triiodothyronine Counting in Normal Subjects

OT-27.Thyroid Hormone Secretion Studies Using Iodine-131

OT-28.Brain Scanning Studies Using Potassium-42

OT-29.Studies on Body Potassium Using Potassium-42

OT-30.Serum Level of Protein Bound Iodine-131 in the Diagnosis of Hyperthyroidism

OT-31.Body Constituent Studies Using Sodium-24 and Potassium-42

OT-32.Red Blood-Cell Volume Studies Using Chromium­51

OT-33.Studies on Body Sodium Using Sodium-24

OT-34.Bone Studies Using Sodium-24

OT-35.Studies of Calcium Metabolism and Thyroid Disease Using Calcium-45

OT-36.Analysis of Red Blood-Cell Survival in the Body Using Chromium-51

OT-37.Blood Volume Studies Using Chromium-51

OT-38.Studies of Stable Iodine Uptake Using Iodine-131 as a Tracer

OT-39.Studies of Iron Metabolism, Anemia, and Cancer Using Iron-59 and Chromium-51

OT-40.Studies of Iron Metabolism, Anemia, and Rheumatoid Arthritis Using Iron-59

OT-41.Iron Absorption Studies Using Iron-59

OT-42.The Effects of Whole-Body Radiation on Organ Transplant Survival

OT-43.Blood-Cell Studies in Colorado Prisoners Using Iron-59, Phosphorus-32, and Chromium-51

OT-44.Tracer Studies of Arsenic Metabolism Using Arsenic-71 and Arsenic-74

OT-45.Iodine Metabolism Studies in Graves' Disease Using Iodine-131

OT-46.Early Studies of Iron Metabolism in Red Blood Cells Using Iron-55 and Iron-59

OT-47.Studies on Absorption of Insulin Labeled with Iodine-131 in Subjects

OT-48.Studies of the Effects of Thiouracil on the Thyroid Gland Using Iodine-131

OT-49.Studies on the Absorption of Ferrous and Ferric Iron Using Iron-59

OT-50.Studies to Determine Red Blood-Cell Volumes in Human Subjects Using Iron-55 and Iron-59

OT-51.A Study of Red Blood-Cell Survival in Stored and Transfused Blood Using Iron-55

OT-52.Studies on Red Blood-Cell Survival During Storage and After Transfusion Using Iron-55 and Iron-59 Tracers

OT-53.Effect of Phytate on the Absorption of Iron-59 and Iron-55

OT-54.Measurements of Radon-222 Absorption Through Skin

OT-55.Studies of the Urinary Excretion of Iodine Using Iodine-131

OT-56.Study of the Uptake of Iodine in Fetal Thyroids Using Iodine-131

OT-57.Red Blood-Cell Volumes and Hematocrit in Normal Pregnancy Using Iron-55

OT-58.Studies of Iron Storage and Utilization Using Iron-55 and Iron-59

OT-59.Study of Iron Turnover by Red Blood Cells Using Iron-55 and Iron-59

OT-60.Studies of the Metabolism of Maternal Iron in Newborn Infants Using Iron-55

OT-61.Thyroid Function Studies Using Iodine-131

OT-62.Interlaboratory Comparison of the Reliability of the Measurement of Cesium-137 in Humans

OT-63.Metabolic and Gastrointestinal Absorption Studies with Short-Lived Decay Products of Radium and Thorium

OT-64.Comparison of Iodine-123 and Iodine-131 for Thyroid Uptake Studies

OT-65.Iodine-131 Localization

OT-66.Tolerance to Whole-Body Irradiation of Patients with Advanced Cancer

OT-67.Modification of the Distribution and Excretion of Lanthanum-140 by Chelating Agents

OT-68.Metabolism Studies Using Strontium-85 and Calcium-45

OT-69.Strontium Metabolism Studies Using Strontium-85

OT-70.Studies on EDTA and Strontium Excretion Using Strontium-85

OT-71.Comparative Metabolism Studies Using Strontium-85 and Calcium­45

OT-72.Efforts to Increase the Rate of Strontium-85 Excretion

OT-73.Decontamination of Skin Contaminated with Carbon-14, Fission Products, Tantalum-182, and Alpha Emitters

OT-74.Effects of Radium-224 Applied to Skin

OT-75.Effects of Strontium-90 and Yttrium-90 on Skin

OT-76.Topical Absorption Studies Using Radium-224

OT-77.Effects of Polonium-210 on Skin

OT-78.Studies of the Transmission of Radioiodine to Infants Through Maternal Breast Milk

OT-79.Studies of Copper Metabolism Using Copper-64 in Healthy Subjects and Patients with Wilson's Disease

OT-80.Studies on Copper Transfer Between Red Blood Cells and Plasma Using Copper-64

OT-81.White Blood-Cell Labeling Studies Using Phosphorus-32 in Utah Prisoners

OT-82.Granulocyte Studies Using Phosphorus-32 in Utah Prisoners

OT-83.White Blood-Cell Production Studies Using Phosphorus-32

OT-84.Study of Copper Metabolism Using Copper-64

OT-85.Blister Studies Using Phosphorus-32 in Utah Prisoners

OT-86.Comparative Metabolism of Radium-226 and Strontium-85

OT-87.Total-Body Counter Calibration Using Cesium-132 and Potassium­42

OT-88.Study of Cortisone-Induced Granulocytosis Using Phosphorus-32-Labeled isopropylfluorophosphate in Utah Prisoners

OT-89.Cesium-137 and Rubidium-83 Metabolism in Healthy Subjects and Subjects with Muscular Dystrophy

OT-90.Study of Granulocyte Kinetics During Endotoxin-Induced Granulocytosis Using Phosphorus-32 in Utah Prisoners

OT-91.Study of the Transfer of Iron-59 and Iodine-131 Between Mother and Fetus

OT-92.Metabolism Studies Using Strontium-85 and Calcium-47

OT-93.Measuring Extracellular Fluid Using Sodium-24

OT-94.Potassium Studies in Diseased Patients Using Potassium-42

OT-95.Potassium Studies in Women Using Potassium-42

OT-96.Sodium Volume Studies in Diseased Patients Using Sodium­24

OT-97.Study of Potassium Metabolism in Hyperthyroidism Using Potassium-42

OT-98.Studies of Potassium Metabolism in Diabetes Using Potassium-42 Tracer

OT-99.Iron Absorption Studies Using Iron-55 and Iron-59 in Normal Subjects and Mental Patients

OT-100.Study of Iron Turnover Rates Using Iron-55 in Men, and Nonmenstruating and Menstruating Women

OT-101.Study of Cooley's Anemia in Children Using Chromium-51 and Iron-59

OT-102.Study of Red Blood-Cell Production Using Iron-59

OT-103.Sodium Volume Studies in Children and Adults Using Sodium-24

OT-104.Estimates of Total-Body Sodium in Infants and Children Using Sodium-24

OT-105.Total-Body Sodium Studies Using Sodium-24